Species of the anomalous-stemmed complex of Heteropterys are revised after intensive fieldwork in eastern Brazil. Heteropterys patens (=H. anomala) is redefined, and three new species are described (H. admirabilis, H. imperata, and H. nordestina). In addition, this treatment provides brief synonymy, lectotypifications, illustrations, and comments for those four species, and a key to all taxa of the complex.